{"id":315486,"date":"2025-03-26T12:32:12","date_gmt":"2025-03-26T11:32:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dhagpo.org\/?p=315486"},"modified":"2025-04-16T20:59:50","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T18:59:50","slug":"18th-chogye-trichen-rinpoche-transmits-major-teachings-karmapa-dhagpo-kundreul-ling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dhagpo.org\/en\/18th-chogye-trichen-rinpoche-transmits-major-teachings-karmapa-dhagpo-kundreul-ling\/","title":{"rendered":"The 25th Chogye Trichen Rinpoche Transmits Major Teachings to Karmapa at Dhagpo Kundreul Ling"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; specialty=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; specialty_columns=&#8221;3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_css_free_form=&#8221;.tooltip-exposant {|| position: relative;|| cursor: pointer;|| color: blue; \/* Puedes cambiar el color *\/||}||||.tooltip-exposant .tooltip-text {|| visibility: hidden;|| width: 200px;|| background-color: #f0f0f0;|| color: black;|| text-align: center;|| padding: 5px;|| border-radius: 5px;|| position: absolute;|| bottom: 120%;|| left: 50%;|| transform: translateX(-50%);|| opacity: 0;|| transition: opacity 0.3s;|| box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);||}||||.tooltip-exposant:hover .tooltip-text {|| visibility: visible;|| opacity: 1;||}||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">April 6, 2000, <strong>Chogye Trichen Rinpoche<\/strong>, one of the most eminent <strong>Sakya masters<\/strong> of the 20th century, is welcomed to Dhagpo Kundreul Ling in order to <strong>transmit teachings<\/strong> <strong>to<\/strong> Thaye Dorje, <strong>His Holiness the 17th Gyalwa Karmapa<\/strong>, who had been <a href=\"https:\/\/dhagpo.org\/en\/february-6-2000-the-17th-gyalwa-karmapa-retreat-dhagpo-kundreul-ling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in retreat there since February 6, 2000.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Kunzig Shamarpa<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> took care that Karmapa received not only the entirety of the transmissions and practices associated with the Karma Kagyu lineage but also those associated with other lineages of Tibetan Buddhism, from the most eminent masters who held them, such as His Eminence Chogye Trichen Rinpoche, Tupten Lekshe Gyatso (1919\u20132007).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/dhagpo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/05_2000_04_transmission_Chogye_Trichen_R_GK.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;Chogye Trichen Rinpoche, one of the most eminent Sakya masters of the 20th century, is welcomed to Dhagpo Kundreul Ling in order to transmit teachings to Thaye Dorje, His Holiness the 17th Gyalwa Karmapa&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Chogye Trichen Rinpoche, one of the most eminent Sakya masters of the 20th century, is welcomed to Dhagpo Kundreul Ling in order to transmit teachings to Thaye Dorje, His Holiness the 17th Gyalwa Karmapa&#8221; show_in_lightbox=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;gcid-b7d546b1-e8dd-4bef-9120-39ab5cda29e6&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||15px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px|15px|15px|15px|false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-b7d546b1-e8dd-4bef-9120-39ab5cda29e6%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_css_free_form=&#8221;||<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>|| || G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, les initiations, la transmission de la lecture rituelle et les instructions sont tr\u00e8s importantes et, tout comme les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents Karmapas, je dois recevoir toutes les transmissions. Dans le futur, il sera de ma responsabilit\u00e9 de donner ces transmissions \u00e0 d\u2019autres. \u00bb|| ||<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The eighteenth abbot of Nalendra Monastery<\/strong> in Central Tibet prior to exile in 1959, he later built two major monasteries in Nepal\u2014his primary seat at Lumbini and Maitreya Temple in Boudhanath. He was one of the <strong>rare holders of numerous Sakya teachings<\/strong>. He constantly travelled through the Tibetan communities to give transmissions and empowerments. Unanimously recognized and revered, he gave empowerments, practice instructions, and teachings to the most eminent masters of all the lineages.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He was <strong>eighty-one years old<\/strong> when he visited France from Nepal at<strong> Shamarpa\u2019s request<\/strong> in order to <strong>confer the transmission<\/strong> of the Druptap K\u00fcnt\u00fc empowerments, the <\/span><a href=\"#ancla-final\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collection of All Sadhanas<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <strong>to Karmapa during one month.<\/strong> In his biography entitled <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lama of Lamas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Chogye Trichen Rinpoche explains that the 16th Karmapa had one day introduced the young 14th Shamarpa to him with these words,&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is my nephew, Shamarpa. Take care to give all the teachings he will request of you in the future.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <strong>previous Chogye Trichen<\/strong>, Jampa Khyentse Wangpo (1869\u20131927) <strong>maintained close ties with the 15th Karmapa Khakhyab Dorje (<\/strong>1871-1922), from whom he received numerous teachings on Dzogchen. Additionally, Chogye Trichen Rinpoche explained this connection during an interview he gave during his stay at Dhagpo Kundreul Ling, <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The connection that exists between my monastery and the Gyalwa Karmapa does not date to today. This is why I am particularly happy to give these transmissions to the 17th holder of the name.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chogye Trichen Rinpoche was also an authentic holder of the Vinaya and notably its monastic disciplines. During this retreat period, <strong>Karmapa<\/strong> also <strong>received<\/strong> the disciplines of <strong>novice monk or <\/strong><\/span><strong><i>guetsul<\/i><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from him.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asked about these transmissions, the Karmapa\u2014sixteen-years-old at the time\u2014explained,<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Generally, empowerments, the transmission of the ritual reading, and the instructions are very important, and just like the previous Karmapas, I must receive all the transmissions. In the future, it will be my responsibility to give these transmissions to others.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;nextgen &#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#d4b16a&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;15px||15px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px|20px|15px|20px|false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\nngg_shortcode_0_placeholder\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_video src=&#8221;https:\/\/youtu.be\/xZjNI-f94c4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][\/et_pb_video][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text module_class=&#8221;event50&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138&#8243; header_5_text_color=&#8221;gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138&#8243; header_5_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;gcid-b7d546b1-e8dd-4bef-9120-39ab5cda29e6&#8243; background_image=&#8221;http:\/\/dhagpo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/50ans-1.png&#8221; background_size=&#8221;custom&#8221; background_image_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_right&#8221; background_horizontal_offset=&#8221;9px&#8221; background_vertical_offset=&#8221;6px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;30px|100px|||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;|0px||0px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|20px|15px|20px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;|20px|15px|20px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;font-weight:500;&#8221; custom_css_free_form=&#8221;.event50 h5 {|| display: inline-block;|| background-color: #ffffff; \/* Fond blanc *\/|| box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); \/* Optionnel : l\u00e9g\u00e8re ombre *\/|| padding: 5px; \/* Ajuster selon vos besoins *\/|| margin-bottom:10px;|| text-align: left; \/* Garde le texte align\u00e9 \u00e0 gauche *\/||||}||&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-b7d546b1-e8dd-4bef-9120-39ab5cda29e6%22:%91%22background_color%22,%22background_color%22,%22background_color%22,%22background_color%22%93,%22gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138%22:%91%22header_4_text_color%22,%22header_5_text_color%22,%22header_4_text_color%22,%22header_5_text_color%22%93}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h5>Event<\/h5>\n<p><strong><span>Sunday,\u00a0<\/span>April 27 at 3:30<span>\u00a0p.m.: Talk by Dhongtsang Shabdrung Rinpoche.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dhongtsang Shabdrung Rinpoche<\/strong> of the Sakya school is renowned for his great erudition. His predecessor was the elder brother of the 16th Karmapa, Rangjung Rigp\u00e9 Dorj\u00e9. While he is at Dhagpo Kagyu Ling, \u00a0he has agreed to speak to us about <strong>Ch\u00f6gy\u00e9 Trichen Rinpoche.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-310103 alignleft size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/dhagpo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/streaming.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" \/><strong>Streaming<\/strong> will be available<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/dhagpo.org\/en\/calendrier\/50-years-dhongtsang-shabdrung-rinpoche-speaks-chogye-trichen-rinpoche\/&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text=&#8221;See in the Program Calendar&#8221; disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138&#8243; button_bg_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; button_border_color=&#8221;gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138&#8243; button_border_radius=&#8221;6px&#8221; button_icon=&#8221;&#xf073;||fa||400&#8243; button_icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138%22:%91%22button_text_color%22,%22button_border_color%22,%22button_border_color__hover%22%93}&#8221; button_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; button_border_radius__hover=&#8221;6px&#8221; button_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; button_border_color__hover=&#8221;#b87d06&#8243; button_bg_color__hover=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=&#8221;314886&#8243; posts_number=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;link_option_url&#8221; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9hdHRhY2htZW50Iiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjMxNDg5MCJ9fQ==@&#8221; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9hdHRhY2htZW50Iiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjMxNDg5MCJ9fQ==@&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Upload Karme Guendune n\u00ba 11 (in French)&#8221; disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;button_url&#8221; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138&#8243; button_bg_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; button_border_color=&#8221;gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138&#8243; button_border_radius=&#8221;6px&#8221; button_icon=&#8221;&#xf1c1;||fa||900&#8243; button_icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138%22:%91%22button_text_color%22,%22button_border_color%22,%22button_border_color__hover%22%93}&#8221; button_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; button_border_radius__hover=&#8221;6px&#8221; button_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; button_border_color__hover=&#8221;#b87d06&#8243; button_bg_color__hover=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Roboto||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;13px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1em&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">These photos come from our archives or were collected as part of the research for Dhagpo Kagyu Ling\u2019s 50th anniversary. We have not been able to identify all the authors. The use of these photos is solely for informational purposes within the context of Dhagpo Kagyu Ling\u2019s 50th anniversary celebration. Their use is limited to this event and our website and is not for commercial purposes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;fb2b1a4a-210a-4596-933e-eb7badc7035f&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-75px||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Titre&#8221; module_id=&#8221;ancla-final&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;|300|||||||&#8221; header_4_font_size=&#8221;26px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#d4b16a&#8221; border_width_bottom=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;gcid-9b5f26ad-ce0a-4e53-af90-9971f6694090&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-9b5f26ad-ce0a-4e53-af90-9971f6694090%22:%91%22border_color_bottom%22%93}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Presentation of the <em>Collection of All Sadhanas<\/em> and the <em>Collection of All Tantras<\/em><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;L\u2019entr\u00e9e dans le vajrayana est marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019initiation.&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Entry to the Vajrayana is marked by empowerment. Over the centuries in Tibet, numerous lineages transmitted empowerments in this way from master to disciple, accompanied by instructions and <strong>ritual readings<\/strong> (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lung)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, so that, one after another, generations of disciples could <strong>connect to enlightenment<\/strong> and actualize its potential.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As meditation deities (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yidam<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) are quite numerous, traditions were diverse and complex, and <strong>many empowerments were compiled<\/strong> into collections of the complete works of individual masters (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sungbum<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) and into collections from specific traditions. The end of the 19th century was particularly rich in immense collections of several thousand pages gathering empowerment rituals, practice methods (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">druptab<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), and instructions. This profusion is explained by the increasing rarity of certain traditions at this time and presence of masters with exceptional realization and scholarship. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jamg\u00f6n Kongtr\u00fcl Lodr\u00f6 Thaye (1813\u20131899) and Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820\u20131892), for example, were a <strong>part of the Rime (<\/strong><\/span><strong><i>Impartial<\/i><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>) movement,<\/strong> whose <strong>vocation<\/strong> was gathering the teachings of the different lineages that had taken root in Tibet. For many years, they travelled across the country to receive all of the possible transmissions, they practiced them, they compiled them, and they wrote handbooks when necessary. During this time, these collections occupied a central place in the transmission from master to disciple and the safeguarding of these vast and complex practices.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the holder of the Karma Kagyu lineage, during his training, the <strong>17th Gyalwa Karmapa<\/strong> <strong>received<\/strong> several of <strong>these collections<\/strong>, which gather most of transmissions still available in our time, from masters considered to be particularly representative of these lineages. In this article, we are interested in two collections compiled by two masters of the Sakya lineage, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and his disciple Jamyang Loter Wangpo (1847\u20131914), that gathered together transmission covering the whole of the Tibetan lineages.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The first collection,<\/strong> the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gyude K\u00fcnt\u00fc<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, or <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collection of All Tantras<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, contains thirty-two volumes with 315 empowerments and twenty-five commentaries. It includes the complete transmission of 139 mandalas associated with the four classes of tantras and with the Sakya, Gelug, Kagyu, Nyingma, Bodong, Jonang, Zhije, Orgyen Nyengyu, and Kalachakra. A <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mandala<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is an enlightened world associated with a specific yidam, surrounded (or not) by entourage divinities. Each mandala is generally described in a tantra, in other words a canonical source taught by the Buddha that takes on various forms called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sambhogakaya.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hevajra Tantra<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which belongs to the fourth and highest class of tantras, the Niruttaratantra, contains the teaching given by the state of buddhahood, the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dharmakaya<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, in the form of Hevajra, the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sambhogakaya<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This canonical text describes two primary mandalas, Hevajra and Nairatmya, as well as several secondary mandalas. In Tibet, there are two specific traditions\u2014that of the Sakya lineage and that of Marpa\u2019s lineage. In each of these traditions, we find the empowerment rites<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and the sadhanas of each of the two primary divinities of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hevajra Tantra <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and the secondary divinities. These traditions contain similarities arising from the tantra and from Indian sources, as well as differences arising from Indian and Tibetan sources that emphasize this or that perspective of the tantra or make explicit certain points that are not so in the tantra. These differences were systematized in the various Tibetan lineages, and we find these different transmissions in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gy\u00fcde K\u00fcnt\u00fc<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <strong>17th Gyalwa Karmapa received the transmission of the empowerments of the <\/strong><\/span><strong><i>Gy\u00fcde K\u00fcnt\u00fc<\/i><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from the Sakya master Luding Khenchen Rinpoche (1931\u20132023) in 2002. Luding Khen Rinpoche was the abbot of Ngor Monastery and heir of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Loter Wangpo, who had compiled the collection. As the holder of the Ngor branch of the Sakya tradition, he was the most appropriate person to transmit these empowerments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <strong>second collection<\/strong> of fourteen volumes compiled by Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo starting in 1840 and completed by Jamg\u00f6n Kongtrul Lodr\u00f6 Thaye and Loter Wangpo is the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Druptap K\u00fcnt\u00fc<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, or <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collection of All Sadhanas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The 17th Gyalwa Karmapa received this transmission in 2000 at Kundreul Ling from the Sakya master Chogye Trichen Rinpoche (1920\u20132007), head of the Tsarpa branch of the Sakya tradition. As an example, when <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khyentsevision.org\/blog-post\/drubtab-kuntu-collection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dzongsar Khyentse transmitted this collection in India in 2022<\/a>, it took one and a half months.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Like the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gyude K\u00fcnt\u00fc<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which is focused on the preservation of the tantric texts themselves and their transmission via empowerment (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wang<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Druptap K\u00fcnt\u00fc<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> contains all the materials for the practice of numerous yidams associated with the four classes of tantras and the various Tibetan traditions, which are called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sadhanas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">druptap <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in Tibetan), or <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">accomplishment methods, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and their practice authorization rituals (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">jenang<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). The <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Druptap K\u00fcnt\u00fc<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> contains more than one thousand sadhanas and seven hundred authorizations. For the translation of certain among these sadhanas, readers may consult the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lotsawahouse.org\/topics\/compendium-of-sadhanas\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lotsawahouse website section on this collection<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, or the list of preserved titles on the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.catalogue.bibliotheque-dhagpo-kagyu.org\/#\/notice\/6549\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dhagpo Kagyu Library website<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Descriptions of the fourteen volumes<\/strong> of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collection of All Sadhanas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Three White Divinities and Longevity Divinities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Protectors of the Three Families and Wisdom Divinities, including Manjushri and Sarasvati<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avalokiteshvara, Vajrapani, and Tara<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Divinities of the Highest Class of Tantra, including Chakrasamvara, Guhyasamaja, and White Tara<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Various <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tathagatas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Four Kadampa Divinities, the Six Vajrasana Divinities, Three Cycles of Secret Sadhanas of the Shangpa Lineage and the Kalachakra Tantra Divinities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Three Divinities of the Vajrapanjara Tantra and Purification Divinities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Majushri Ekavira, Pacification, Enriching, and Subjugation Divinities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subjugation and Wealth Divinities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wealth and Protection Divinities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Various Practices and Rituals<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Various Practices, Dedication, and Index<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supplementary Material, including Collections of Mantras and Longevity Divinities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supplementary Material with Longevity Divinities and Vajrakila.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Practices associated with the eighty-four thousand mahasiddhas.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text disabled_on=&#8221;on|on|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Roboto||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;13px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1em&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">These photos come from our archives or were collected as part of the research for Dhagpo Kagyu Ling\u2019s 50th anniversary. We have not been able to identify all the authors. The use of these photos is solely for informational purposes within the context of Dhagpo Kagyu Ling\u2019s 50th anniversary celebration. Their use is limited to this event and our website and is not for commercial purposes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>April 6, 2000, Chogye Trichen Rinpoche, one of the most eminent Sakya masters of the 20th century, is welcomed to Dhagpo Kundreul Ling in order to transmit teachings to Thaye [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" specialty=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" specialty_columns=\"3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.27.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_css_free_form=\".tooltip-exposant {|| position: relative;|| cursor: pointer;|| color: blue; \/* Puedes cambiar el color *\/||}||||.tooltip-exposant .tooltip-text {|| visibility: hidden;|| width: 200px;|| background-color: #f0f0f0;|| color: black;|| text-align: center;|| padding: 5px;|| border-radius: 5px;|| position: absolute;|| bottom: 120%;|| left: 50%;|| transform: translateX(-50%);|| opacity: 0;|| transition: opacity 0.3s;|| box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);||}||||.tooltip-exposant:hover .tooltip-text {|| visibility: visible;|| opacity: 1;||}||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le 6 avril 2000, <strong>Ch\u00f6gy\u00e9 Trichen Rinpoch\u00e9<\/strong>, l'un des <strong>ma\u00eetres sakyas<\/strong> les plus \u00e9minents du <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">XX<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> si\u00e8cle, est accueilli \u00e0 Dhagpo Kundreul Ling afin de <strong>transmettre<\/strong> des enseignements \u00e0 Thay\u00e9 Dorj\u00e9, <strong>Sa Saintet\u00e9 le <\/strong><\/span><strong>XVII<sup>e<\/sup> Gyalwa Karmapa, <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/dhagpo.org\/6-2000-xviie-karmapa-retraite-kundreul-ling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">en retraite en ce lieu depuis le 6 f\u00e9vrier 2000.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Shamarpa<\/strong> a veill\u00e9 \u00e0 ce que Karmapa re\u00e7oive non seulement l\u2019int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des transmissions de pratiques associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la lign\u00e9e karma kagy\u00fc, mais il a aussi oeuvr\u00e9 pour qu\u2019il re\u00e7oive celles associ\u00e9es \u00e0 d\u2019autres lign\u00e9es du bouddhisme tib\u00e9tain de la part des ma\u00eetres les plus \u00e9minents qui les d\u00e9tenaient, comme Son \u00c9minence Ch\u00f6gy\u00e9 Trichen Rinpoch\u00e9, Tupten Leksh\u00e9 Gyatso (1919-2007).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"http:\/\/dhagpo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/05_2000_04_transmission_Chogye_Trichen_R_GK.jpg\" alt=\"Ch\u00f6gy\u00e9 Trichen Rinpoch\u00e9, l'un des ma\u00eetres sakyas les plus \u00e9minents du XXe si\u00e8cle, transmis des enseignements \u00e0 Thay\u00e9 Dorj\u00e9, Sa Saintet\u00e9 le XVIIe Gyalwa Karmapa, en pr\u00e9sence de Mipham Ch\u00f6kyi Lodr\u00f6, Sa Saintet\u00e9 le XIVe K\u00fcnzik Shamarpa\" title_text=\"Ch\u00f6gy\u00e9 Trichen Rinpoch\u00e9, l'un des ma\u00eetres sakyas les plus \u00e9minents du XXe si\u00e8cle, transmis des enseignements \u00e0 Thay\u00e9 Dorj\u00e9, Sa Saintet\u00e9 le XVIIe Gyalwa Karmapa, en pr\u00e9sence de Mipham Ch\u00f6kyi Lodr\u00f6, Sa Saintet\u00e9 le XIVe K\u00fcnzik Shamarpa\" show_in_lightbox=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"gcid-b7d546b1-e8dd-4bef-9120-39ab5cda29e6\" custom_margin=\"||15px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"15px|15px|15px|15px|false|false\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{%22gcid-b7d546b1-e8dd-4bef-9120-39ab5cda29e6%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_css_free_form=\"<\/p><blockquote><p>|| || G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, les initiations, la transmission de la lecture rituelle et les instructions sont tr\u00e8s importantes et, tout comme les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents Karmapas, je dois recevoir toutes les transmissions. Dans le futur, il sera de ma responsabilit\u00e9 de donner ces transmissions \u00e0 d\u2019autres. \u00bb|| ||<\/p><\/blockquote><p>||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Dix-huiti\u00e8me abb\u00e9 du monast\u00e8re de Nalendra<\/strong> au Tibet central avant de partir en exil en 1959, Ch\u00f6gy\u00e9 Trichen Rinpoch\u00e9 construisit ensuite deux monast\u00e8res majeurs au N\u00e9pal : son si\u00e8ge principal \u00e0 Lumbini et le temple Maitreya \u00e0 Boudhanath. Il \u00e9tait l'un des <strong>rares d\u00e9tenteurs de nombreux enseignements sakyas<\/strong> et il se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ait constamment \u00e0 travers les communaut\u00e9s tib\u00e9taines pour conf\u00e9rer transmissions et initiations. Unanimement reconnu et r\u00e9v\u00e9r\u00e9, il a conf\u00e9r\u00e9 initiations, instructions de pratique et enseignements aux ma\u00eetres les plus \u00e9minents de toutes les lign\u00e9es.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il est <strong>\u00e2g\u00e9 de 81<\/strong> ans lorsqu\u2019il se rend du N\u00e9pal en France,<strong> \u00e0 la requ\u00eate de Shamarpa<\/strong>, afin de <strong>conf\u00e9rer \u00e0 Karmapa<\/strong> <strong>pendant un mois<\/strong> la transmission des initiations du <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Druptap K\u00fcnt\u00fc<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, la <\/span><em><a href=\"#ancla-final\">Collection de toutes les sadhanas<\/a><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Dans sa biographie intitul\u00e9e <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lama of Lamas<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chogy\u00e9 Trichen Rinpoch\u00e9 explique que le <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">XVI<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Karmapa lui avait un jour pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 le jeune <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">XIV<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Shamarpa en ces termes :<\/span><\/p><blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00ab Voici mon neveu Shamarpa. Veuillez lui donner tous les enseignements qu\u2019il requerra dans le futur. \u00bb<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Le pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/strong> <strong>Ch\u00f6gy\u00e9 Trichen<\/strong>, Jampa Rinchen Khyents\u00e9 Wangpo (1869-1927) <strong>entretenait des liens proches avec le XV<\/strong><\/span><strong><sup>e<\/sup><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> Karmapa,<\/strong> Kakhyap Dorj\u00e9 (1871-1922), de qui il re\u00e7ut de nombreux enseignements sur le dzokchen. Ch\u00f6gy\u00e9 Trichen Rinpoch\u00e9 expliquera d\u2019ailleurs ce lien entre son monast\u00e8re et les Karmapas, lors d\u2019une interview effectu\u00e9e \u00e0 Dhagpo Kundreul Ling pendant son s\u00e9jour : <\/span><\/p><blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00ab Le lien qui existe entre mon monast\u00e8re et le Gyalwa Karmapa ne date pas d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui. C\u2019est pourquoi je suis particuli\u00e8rement heureux de donner ces transmissions au <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">XVII<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> d\u00e9tenteur du nom. \u00bb<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u00f6gy\u00e9 Trichen Rinpoch\u00e9 \u00e9tait \u00e9galement un d\u00e9tenteur authentique du vinaya, notamment de ses disciplines monastiques. Lors de cette p\u00e9riode de retraite, <strong>Karmapa re\u00e7oit<\/strong> \u00e9galement de lui <strong>les disciplines de moine novice ou <\/strong><\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>gets\u00fcl<\/strong>.<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interrog\u00e9 \u00e0 propos de ces transmissions, le Karmapa, alors \u00e2g\u00e9 de 16 ans, explique\u00a0:\u00a0<\/span><\/p><blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00ab G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, les initiations, la transmission de la lecture rituelle et les instructions sont tr\u00e8s importantes et, tout comme les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents Karmapas, je dois recevoir toutes les transmissions. Dans le futur, il sera de ma responsabilit\u00e9 de donner ces transmissions \u00e0 d\u2019autres. \u00bb<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\"nextgen \" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"#d4b16a\" custom_margin=\"15px||15px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"0px|20px|15px|20px|false|false\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<\/p>[ngg src=\"galleries\" ids=\"42\" sortorder=\"705,701,702,703,704\" display=\"pro_mosaic\"]<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_video src=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/xZjNI-f94c4\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_video][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"event50\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"||||||||\" text_font_size=\"16px\" text_line_height=\"20px\" header_4_text_color=\"gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138\" header_5_text_color=\"gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138\" header_5_font_size=\"18px\" background_color=\"gcid-b7d546b1-e8dd-4bef-9120-39ab5cda29e6\" background_image=\"http:\/\/dhagpo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/50ans-1.png\" background_size=\"custom\" background_image_width=\"40px\" background_position=\"top_right\" background_horizontal_offset=\"9px\" background_vertical_offset=\"6px\" custom_margin=\"||||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"30px|100px|||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"off|desktop\" custom_padding=\"|20px|15px|20px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|20px|15px|20px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"||||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"font-weight:500;\" custom_css_free_form=\".event50 h5 {|| display: inline-block;|| background-color: #ffffff; \/* Fond blanc *\/|| box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); \/* Optionnel : l\u00e9g\u00e8re ombre *\/|| padding: 5px; \/* Ajuster selon vos besoins *\/|| margin-bottom:10px;|| text-align: left; \/* Garde le texte align\u00e9 \u00e0 gauche *\/||||}||\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{%22gcid-b7d546b1-e8dd-4bef-9120-39ab5cda29e6%22:%91%22background_color%22,%22background_color%22,%22background_color%22,%22background_color%22%93,%22gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138%22:%91%22header_4_text_color%22,%22header_5_text_color%22,%22header_4_text_color%22,%22header_5_text_color%22%93}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<\/p><h5>\u00c9v\u00e9nement<\/h5><p><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: inherit;\" href=\"#details\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour marquer cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement, trois jours de pratique seront accomplis au petit temple de <\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #ab0032;\"><a style=\"color: #ab0032;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/share\/p\/194GHtavPv\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Dhagpo Kundreul Ling :<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p><p><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: inherit;\" href=\"#details\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Samedi 15 mars : <\/strong>r\u00e9citation de soutras et accumulation de la pratique de Chenrezik<br><\/span><\/a><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"http:\/\/dhagpo.org\/calendrier\/\" url_new_window=\"on\" button_text=\"Voir dans le calendrier du programme\" disabled_on=\"off|off|off\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" button_text_color=\"gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138\" button_bg_color=\"#FFFFFF\" button_border_color=\"gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138\" button_border_radius=\"6px\" button_icon=\"\uf073||fa||400\" button_icon_placement=\"left\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{%22gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138%22:%91%22button_text_color%22,%22button_border_color%22,%22button_border_color__hover%22%93}\" button_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"on|desktop\" button_border_radius__hover=\"6px\" button_border_color__hover_enabled=\"on|hover\" button_border_color__hover=\"#b87d06\" button_bg_color__hover=\"#FFFFFF\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\"314885\" posts_number=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _dynamic_attributes=\"link_option_url\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||0px||false|false\" link_option_url=\"@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9hdHRhY2htZW50Iiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjMxNDg5MCJ9fQ==@\" link_option_url_new_window=\"on\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_button button_url=\"@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9hdHRhY2htZW50Iiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjMxNDg5MCJ9fQ==@\" url_new_window=\"on\" button_text=\"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le Karme Guendune n\u00ba 11 \" disabled_on=\"off|off|off\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _dynamic_attributes=\"button_url\" _module_preset=\"default\" button_text_color=\"gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138\" button_bg_color=\"#FFFFFF\" button_border_color=\"gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138\" button_border_radius=\"6px\" button_icon=\"\uf1c1||fa||900\" button_icon_placement=\"left\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{%22gcid-4bb20c8d-5a19-4f4f-8a7e-cb9fb4184138%22:%91%22button_text_color%22,%22button_border_color%22,%22button_border_color__hover%22%93}\" button_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"on|desktop\" button_border_radius__hover=\"6px\" button_border_color__hover_enabled=\"on|hover\" button_border_color__hover=\"#b87d06\" button_bg_color__hover=\"#FFFFFF\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text disabled_on=\"off|off|on\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"Roboto||||||||\" text_font_size=\"13px\" text_line_height=\"1em\" custom_padding=\"||0px|||\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Ces photos proviennent de nos archives ou ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recueillies dans le cadre des recherches pour les 50 ans de Dhagpo Kagyu Ling. Nous n'avons pas pu identifier tous les auteurs. L\u2019utilisation des photos est \u00e0 titre informatif dans le cadre de la c\u00e9l\u00e9bration des 50 ans de Dhagpo Kagyu Ling. Leur usage est limit\u00e9 \u00e0 cette actualit\u00e9 et \u00e0 notre site et n\u2019est pas \u00e0 usage commercial<\/span><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"fb2b1a4a-210a-4596-933e-eb7badc7035f\" custom_margin=\"-75px||||false|false\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.20.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.20.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Titre\" module_id=\"ancla-final\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" header_4_font=\"|300|||||||\" header_4_font_size=\"26px\" border_color_all=\"#d4b16a\" border_width_bottom=\"1px\" border_color_bottom=\"gcid-9b5f26ad-ce0a-4e53-af90-9971f6694090\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{%22gcid-9b5f26ad-ce0a-4e53-af90-9971f6694090%22:%91%22border_color_bottom%22%93}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<\/p><h2>Pr\u00e9sentation de la <em>Collection de toutes les sadhanas<\/em> et de la <em>Collection de tous les tantras<\/em><\/h2><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\"L\u2019entr\u00e9e dans le vajrayana est marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019initiation.\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||1px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019entr\u00e9e dans le vajrayana est marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019initiation. Au fil des si\u00e8cles au Tibet, de nombreuses lign\u00e9es de ma\u00eetres \u00e0 disciples se sont ainsi transmis des initiations, accompagn\u00e9es d\u2019instructions et de <strong>lectures rituelles<\/strong> (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lungs<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), pour qu\u2019une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration apr\u00e8s l\u2019autre, les disciples <strong>se relient \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9veil<\/strong> et en actualisent le potentiel. Les divinit\u00e9s de m\u00e9ditation (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yidams<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) \u00e9tant tr\u00e8s nombreuses et les traditions diverses et complexes, beaucoup de<strong> ces initiations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 compil\u00e9es,<\/strong> dans des collections d\u2019\u0153uvres compl\u00e8tes de ma\u00eetres individuels (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sungbums<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) et dans des collections de traditions sp\u00e9cifiques. La fin du dix-neuvi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle fut particuli\u00e8rement riche en immenses collections de plusieurs milliers de pages rassemblant les rituels d\u2019initiations, les m\u00e9thodes de pratique (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">druptabs<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) et les instructions. Cette profusion s\u2019explique par la rar\u00e9faction de certaines traditions \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque et la pr\u00e9sence de ma\u00eetres \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9rudition et \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation exceptionnelles. <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jamg\u00f6n Kongtr\u00fcl Lodr\u00f6 Thay\u00e9 (1813-1899) et Jamyang Khyents\u00e9 Wangpo (1820-1892), par exemple, ont fait partie du<strong> mouvement rim\u00e9<\/strong> (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">impartial<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), dont la <strong>vocation<\/strong> \u00e9tait de rassembler les enseignements venant des diff\u00e9rentes lign\u00e9es qui s\u2019\u00e9taient implant\u00e9es au Tibet. Pendant des ann\u00e9es, ils ont parcouru le pays pour recevoir toutes les transmissions possibles, ils les ont pratiqu\u00e9es, les ont compil\u00e9es et ont r\u00e9dig\u00e9 des manuels lorsque cela s\u2019av\u00e9rait n\u00e9cessaire. Depuis cette p\u00e9riode, ces collections occupent une place centrale dans la transmission de ma\u00eetre \u00e0 disciple et la sauvegarde de ces m\u00e9thodes de pratique vastes et complexes.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le <\/span><strong>XVII<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><sup>e<\/sup> Gyalwa Karmapa<\/strong>, en tant que d\u00e9tenteur de la lign\u00e9e karma kagy\u00fc, <strong>a re\u00e7u<\/strong>, lors de sa formation, <strong>plusieurs de ces collections<\/strong> rassemblant la plupart des transmissions encore disponibles \u00e0 notre \u00e9poque, de la part de ma\u00eetres consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme particuli\u00e8rement repr\u00e9sentatifs de ces lign\u00e9es. Nous nous int\u00e9ressons dans cet article \u00e0 deux collections compil\u00e9es par deux ma\u00eetres de la lign\u00e9e sakya, Jamyang Khyents\u00e9 Wangpo et son disciple Jamyang Loter Wangpo<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (1847\u20131914), <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et qui ont la particularit\u00e9 de rassembler<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> des transmissions recouvrant l\u2019ensemble des lign\u00e9es tib\u00e9taines.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>La premi\u00e8re collection<\/strong>, le <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gyud\u00e9 K\u00fcnt\u00fc<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ou <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collection de tous les tantras<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, contient 32 volumes avec 315 initiations et 25 commentaires. Elle comprend la transmission compl\u00e8te de 139 mandalas associ\u00e9s aux quatre classes de tantras et aux traditions sakya<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, gelug, kagy\u00fc, nyingma, bodong, jonang, zhij\u00e9, orgyen nyengy\u00fc et kalachakra<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Un \u201cmandala\u201d est un monde \u00e9veill\u00e9 associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yidam<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sp\u00e9cifique, entour\u00e9 (ou non) de divinit\u00e9s d\u2019entourage. Chaque mandala est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00e9crit dans un tantra, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire une source canonique enseign\u00e9e par le Bouddha qui rev\u00eat diverses formes appel\u00e9es <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sambhogakaya<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par exemple, le <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tantra de Hevajra<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (qui appartient \u00e0 la quatri\u00e8me et plus haute classe de tantra, le Niruttaratantra) contient l\u2019enseignement donn\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9tat de bouddha (le <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dharmakaya<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) sous la forme de Hevajra (le <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sambhogakaya<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Ce texte canonique d\u00e9crit deux mandalas principaux, Hevajra et Nairatmya, ainsi que plusieurs mandalas secondaires. Il existe au Tibet deux traditions sp\u00e9cifiques, celle de la lign\u00e9e sakya et celle de la lign\u00e9e de Marpa. Dans chacune de ces traditions, on trouve des rites initiatiques <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[UMO1] [CD2] <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et des <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sadhanas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de chacune des deux divinit\u00e9s principales du <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tantra de Hevajra<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et des divinit\u00e9s secondaires. Ces traditions contiennent des ressemblances issues du tantra et des sources indiennes, ainsi que des divergences, issues des sources indiennes et tib\u00e9taines, qui mettent l\u2019accent sur telle ou telle perspective du tantra ou explicitent certains points qui ne sont pas explicit\u00e9s dans le tantra. Ces diff\u00e9rences ont \u00e9t\u00e9 syst\u00e9matis\u00e9es dans les diff\u00e9rentes lign\u00e9es tib\u00e9taines et on trouve dans le <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gy\u00fcd\u00e9 K\u00fcnt\u00fc<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ces diff\u00e9rentes transmissions.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">XVII<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Gyalwa Karmapa <strong>a re\u00e7u en 2003 la transmission des initiations du <\/strong><\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Gyud\u00e9 K\u00fcnt\u00fc<\/strong> <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">du ma\u00eetre sakya <strong>Luding Khenchen Rinpoch\u00e9<\/strong> (1931\u20132023). Luding Khen Rinpoch\u00e9 \u00e9tait l\u2019abb\u00e9 du monast\u00e8re de Ngor, et le <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">h\u00e9ritier <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de Jamyang Khyents\u00e9 Wangpo et de Loter Wangpo qui ont compil\u00e9 cette collection. En tant que d\u00e9tenteur de la branche Ngor de la tradition sakya, il \u00e9tait la personne la plus appropri\u00e9e pour transmettre ces initiations.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Une<strong> deuxi\u00e8me collection<\/strong> de 14 volumes compil\u00e9e par Jamyang Khyents\u00e9 Wangpo \u00e0 partir de 1840 et compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par Jamg\u00f6n Kongtr\u00fcl Lodr\u00f6 Thay\u00e9 et Loter Wangpo, est le <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Druptab K\u00fcnt\u00fc<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0ou <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collection de toutes les <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sadhanas. Le <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">XVII<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Gyalwa Karmapa<strong> a re\u00e7u cette transmission en 2000<\/strong>, \u00e0 Kundreul Ling, du ma\u00eetre sakya <strong>Chogy\u00e9 Trichen Rinpoch\u00e9<\/strong> (1920\u20132007), t\u00eate de la branche tsarpa de la tradition sakya<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c0 titre d\u2019exemple, lorsque<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.khyentsevision.org\/blog-post\/drubtab-kuntu-collection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dzongsar Khyents\u00e9 a transmis cette collection en Inde en 2022<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, cela a pris un mois et demi.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tout comme le <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gyud\u00e9 K\u00fcnt\u00fc<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, qui est ax\u00e9 sur la pr\u00e9servation des textes tantriques eux-m\u00eames et leur transmission par l\u2019initiation (les <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wangs<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), le <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Druptap K\u00fcnt\u00fc <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contient tous les mat\u00e9riaux pour la pratique de nombreux <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yidams<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> associ\u00e9s aux quatre classes de tantras et aux diff\u00e9rentes traditions tib\u00e9taines, ce que l\u2019on appelle les <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sadhanas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (tib : <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">druptaps<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), ou \u201cm\u00e9thodes d'accomplissement\u201d et leurs rituels d\u2019autorisation de pratique (les <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">jenangs<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Le <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Druptap K\u00fcnt\u00fc <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contient plus de 1000 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sadhanas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et 700 autorisations. Pour la traduction de certaines de ces <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sadhanas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, le lecteur pourra consulter la section du site de<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lotsawahouse.org\/fr\/topics\/compendium-of-sadhanas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lotsawahouse sur cette collection<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ou la liste de tous les titres<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> enregistr\u00e9e<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pr\u00e9serv\u00e9e <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sur le site de la<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.catalogue.bibliotheque-dhagpo-kagyu.org\/#\/notice\/6549\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">biblioth\u00e8que de Dhagpo Kagy\u00fc Ling<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Description des quatorze volumes<\/strong> de la <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collection de toutes les<\/span><\/i> <em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sadhanas<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/em><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trois divinit\u00e9s blanches et divinit\u00e9s<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de long\u00e9vit\u00e9<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protecteurs des trois familles et divinit\u00e9s de sagesse, dont Ma\u00f1ju\u015br\u012b et Sarasvat\u012b<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avalokite\u015bvara, Vajrap\u0101\u1e47i et T\u0101r\u0101<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Divinit\u00e9s de la plus haute classe de tantra, dont Cakrasa\u1e43vara, Guhyasam\u0101ja et T\u0101r\u0101 blanche<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Divers <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tath\u0101gatas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, les quatre divinit\u00e9s des kadampas, les six divinit\u00e9s de Vajr\u0101sana, trois cycles de <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s\u0101dhanas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> secr\u00e8tes de la lign\u00e9e shangpa et des divinit\u00e9s du <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u0101lacakratantra<\/span><\/i><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trois divinit\u00e9s du <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vajrapa\u00f1jaratantra<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et divinit\u00e9s de purification<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ma\u00f1ju\u015br\u012b Ekav\u012bra, divinit\u00e9s de pacification, d'enrichissement et de subjugation<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Divinit\u00e9s de subjugation et de richesse<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Divinit\u00e9s de richesse et protectrices<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pratiques et rituels divers<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pratiques diverses, d\u00e9dicace et index<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mat\u00e9riel suppl\u00e9mentaire, y compris des recueils de mantras et des divinit\u00e9s de long\u00e9vit\u00e9<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mat\u00e9riel suppl\u00e9mentaire avec des divinit\u00e9s de long\u00e9vit\u00e9 et Vajrak\u012bla<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pratiques associ\u00e9es aux 84 000 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mah\u0101siddhas<\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ol><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[145],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-315486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-50-ans-dhistoire","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - 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